Contents

• Scattering parameters
  • Introduction and definition
  • Waves on Transmission Lines
  • Computing with S-parameters
    • S-parameters in CAE programs
    • Differential S-parameter ports
  • Applications
    • Stability
    • Gain
    • Two-Port Matching
  
  
• Noise Waves
  • Definition
  • Noise Parameters
  • Noise Wave Correlation Matrix in CAE
  • Noise Correlation Matrix Transformations
    • Forming the noise current correlation matrix
    • Transformations
  • Noise Wave Correlation Matrix of Components
  
  
• DC Analysis
  • Modified Nodal Analysis
    • Generating the MNA matrices
    • The A matrix
    • The x matrix
    • The z matrix
    • A simple example
  • Extensions to the MNA
  • Non-linear DC Analysis
    • Newton-Raphson method
    • Convergence
  • Overall solution algorithm for DC Analysis
  
  
• AC Analysis
• AC Noise Analysis
  • Definitions
  • The Algorithm
    • A Simple Example
  • Noise Current Correlation Matrix
  
  
• Transient Analysis
  • Integration methods
    • Properties of numerical integration methods
    • Elementary Methods
    • Linear Multistep Methods
    • Stability considerations
  • Predictor-corrector methods
    • Order and local truncation error
    • Milne's estimate
    • Adaptive step-size control
  • Energy-storage components
    • Capacitor
    • Inductor
    • Coupled Inductors
    • Depletion Capacitance
    • Diffusion Capacitance
    • MOS Gate Capacitances
  • Special time-domain models
    • AM modulated AC source
    • PM modulated AC source
  • Components defined in the frequency domain
    • Components with frequency-independent delay times
    • Components with frequency-dependent delay times and losses
  • Convergence
    • Limiting schemes
    • Continuation schemes
  
  
• Harmonic Balance Analysis
  • The Basic Concept
  • Going through each Step
    • Creating Transadmittance Matrix
    • Starting Values
    • Solution algorithm
    • Termination Criteria
  • A Symbolic HB Algorithm
  • Large-Signal S-Parameter Simulation
  • Autonomous Harmonic Balance
  
  
• Harmonic Balance Noise Analysis
  • The Linear Subcircuit
  • The Non-Linear Subcircuit
  • Noise Conversion
  • Phase and Amplitude Noise
  
  
• Linear devices
  • Resistor
  • Capacitor
  • Inductor
  • DC Block
  • DC Feed
  • Bias T
  • Transformer
  • Symmetrical transformer
  • Non-ideal transformer
    • Mutual inductors with two or three of inductors
    • Mutual inductors with any number of inductors
  • Attenuator
  • Amplifier
  • Isolator
  • Circulator
  • Phase shifter
  • Coupler
  • Gyrator
  • Voltage and current sources
  • Noise sources
    • Noise current source
    • Noise voltage source
    • Correlated noise sources
  • Controlled sources
    • Voltage controlled current source
    • Current controlled current source
    • Voltage controlled voltage source
    • Current controlled voltage source
  • Transmission Line
  • Differential Transmission Line
  • Coupled transmission line
  • S-parameter container with additional reference port
  • Real-Life Models
  
  
• Non-linear devices
  • Operational amplifier
  • PN-Junction Diode
    • Large signal model
    • Small signal model
    • Noise model
    • Temperature model
    • Area dependence of the model
  • Junction FET
    • Large signal model
    • Small signal model
    • Noise model
    • Temperature model
    • Area dependence of the model
  • Homo-Junction Bipolar Transistor
    • Large signal model
    • Small signal model
    • Noise model
    • Temperature model
    • Area dependence of the model
  • MOS Field-Effect Transistor
    • Large signal model
    • Physical model
    • Small signal model
    • Noise model
    • Temperature model
  • Models for boolean devices
  • Equation defined models
    • Models with Explicit Equations
    • Models with Implicit Equations
  
  
• Microstrip components
  • Single microstrip line
    • Quasi-static characteristic impedance
    • Quasi-static effective dielectric constant
    • Strip thickness correction
    • Dispersion
    • Transmission losses
  • Microstrip corner
  • Parallel coupled microstrip lines
    • Characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant
    • Strip thickness correction
    • Transmission losses
  • Microstrip open
  • Microstrip gap
  • Microstrip impedance step
  • Microstrip tee junction
  • Microstrip cross
  • Microstrip via hole
  • Bondwire
    • Freespace model
    • Mirror model
  
  
• Coplanar components
  • Coplanar waveguides (CPW)
    • Definition
    • Quasi-static analysis by conformal mappings
    • Effects of metalization thickness
    • Effects of dispersion
    • Evaluation of losses
    • S- and Y-parameters of the single coplanar line
  • Coplanar waveguide open
  • Coplanar waveguide short
  • Coplanar waveguide gap
  • Coplanar waveguide step
  
  
• Other types of transmission lines
  • Coaxial cable
    • Characteristic impedance
    • Losses
    • Cutoff frequencies
  • Twisted pair
    • Quasi-static model
    • Transmission losses
  
  
• Synthesizing circuits
  • Attenuators
  • Filters
    • LC ladder filters
  
  
• Mathematical background
  • N-port matrix conversions
    • Renormalization of S-parameters to different port impedances
    • Transformations of n-Port matrices
    • Two-Port transformations
  • Solving linear equation systems
    • Matrix inversion
    • Gaussian elimination
    • Gauss-Jordan method
    • LU decomposition
    • QR decomposition
    • Singular value decomposition
    • Jacobi method
    • Gauss-Seidel method
    • A comparison
  • Polynomial approximations
    • Cubic splines
  • Frequency-Time Domain Transformation
    • Fast Fourier Transformation
    • Real-Valued FFT
    • More-Dimensional FFT
  
  
• Bibliography